I. Theory -- Introduction: An Overview of the Relationship between Local Governments and Social Media -- Social Media Framework for Local Governments -- Social Media Policy of Local Governments -- Social Media Adoption by Local Governments -- Benefits of Using Social Media in Local Governments -- Barriers and Risks of Using Social Media in Local Government -- Local Public Services and Social Media -- Performance of Local Governments and Social Media -- Social Media and Local Leadership -- Local Politicians, Local Elections, Campaigns and Social Media -- II. Practice -- From Local Governments in USA -- From Local Governments in European Countries -- From Local Governments in Asian Countries -- From Local Governments in Middle-East Countries -- From Local Governments in Africaan Countries.